101. Which of these is not a valid C++ bitwise operator?
- a) &
- b) |
- c) ^
- d) %
Answer: D - % is the modulus operator, not a bitwise operator.
102. What is the correct syntax to declare a specialization of a class template?
- a) template<> class MyClass<int> { };
- b) class MyClass<int> { };
- c) template<int> class MyClass { };
- d) template class MyClass<int>;
Answer: A - Explicit specialization requires template<> prefix.
103. Which of the following is true about static polymorphism?
- a) Achieved through virtual functions
- b) Resolved at compile time
- c) Requires runtime type information
- d) Uses dynamic binding
Answer: B - Static polymorphism (templates, overloading) is resolved at compile time.
104. What is the output of: cout << (1 << 3);
- a) 1
- b) 3
- c) 8
- d) 9
Answer: C - Left shift by 3 multiplies 1 by 2³ (8).
105. Which of these is not a valid C++20 feature?
- a) Three-way comparison (spaceship operator)
- b) std::format
- c) std::generator
- d) Concepts
Answer: C - std::generator is not in C++20 (planned for C++23).
106. What is the purpose of the 'requires' clause?
- a) To specify template constraints
- b) To mark functions as mandatory
- c) To enforce exception specifications
- d) To declare abstract methods
Answer: A - requires specifies constraints for templates (C++20 concepts).
107. Which STL container provides LIFO ordering?
- a) queue
- b) stack
- c) deque
- d) priority_queue
Answer: B - stack provides Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) ordering.
108. What is the correct way to declare a user-defined literal?
- a) double operator"" _km(double);
- b) double _km operator""(double);
- c) operator"" double _km(double);
- d) literal double _km(double);
Answer: A - User-defined literals use operator"" followed by the suffix.
109. Which of these is not a valid C++ type conversion?
- a) static_cast
- b) dynamic_cast
- c) safe_cast
- d) reinterpret_cast
Answer: C - safe_cast is not a standard C++ cast (it's from C++/CLI).
110. What is the output of: cout << sizeof(long double);
- a) 4
- b) 8
- c) 10
- d) Implementation defined
Answer: D - long double size varies by implementation (often 10-16 bytes).
111. Which of these is not a valid C++17 feature?
- a) Structured bindings
- b) if constexpr
- c) std::optional
- d) std::jthread
Answer: D - std::jthread was introduced in C++20.
112. What is the purpose of the '[[carries_dependency]]' attribute?
- a) To mark exception-prone code
- b) To propagate dependency chains in relaxed memory models
- c) To indicate thread safety
- d) To optimize return value storage
Answer: B - It helps optimize dependency chains in low-level concurrency code.
113. Which STL algorithm is used to find the first mismatch between ranges?
- a) std::find
- b) std::search
- c) std::mismatch
- d) std::compare
Answer: C - std::mismatch finds the first position where two ranges differ.
114. What is the correct way to declare a template template parameter?
- a) template<template<typename> typename T>
- b) template<typename template<typename> T>
- c) template<template T<typename>>
- d) template<typename T<typename>>
Answer: A - template<template<typename> typename T> is the correct syntax.
115. Which of these is not a valid C++14 feature?
- a) Return type deduction for normal functions
- b) Variable templates
- c) Generic lambdas
- d) std::expected
Answer: D - std::expected is not in C++14 (proposed for C++23).
116. What is the output of: cout << (true + false);
- a) 0
- b) 1
- c) true
- d) Compilation error
Answer: B - true converts to 1, false to 0 (1+0=1).
117. Which of these is not a valid C++ string view operation?
- a) substr
- b) find
- c) append
- d) compare
Answer: C - string_view is read-only and doesn't support append.
118. What is the purpose of the '[[noreturn]]' attribute?
- a) To indicate a function doesn't return to its caller
- b) To disable return value optimization
- c) To mark functions that throw exceptions
- d) To prevent tail-call optimization
Answer: A - Used for functions like exit() or throw that don't return.
119. Which STL algorithm is used to replace elements?
- a) std::change
- b) std::replace
- c) std::swap
- d) std::assign
Answer: B - std::replace replaces all occurrences of a value in a range.
120. What is the correct way to declare a fold expression?
- a) (args + ...)
- b) ... + args
- c) fold(args +)
- d) args fold(+)
Answer: A - Fold expressions use (pack op ...) or (... op pack) syntax.